// Copyright (c) 2006, Google Inc. // All rights reserved. // // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are // met: // // * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. // * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the // distribution. // * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from // this software without specific prior written permission. // // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "common/linux/dump_symbols.h" #include "common/linux/file_id.h" #include "common/linux/guid_creator.h" #include "processor/scoped_ptr.h" // This namespace contains helper functions. namespace { // Infomation of a line. struct LineInfo { // The index into string table for the name of the source file which // this line belongs to. // Load from stab symbol. uint32_t source_name_index; // Offset from start of the function. // Load from stab symbol. ElfW(Off) rva_to_func; // Offset from base of the loading binary. ElfW(Off) rva_to_base; // Size of the line. // It is the difference of the starting address of the line and starting // address of the next N_SLINE, N_FUN or N_SO. uint32_t size; // Line number. uint32_t line_num; // Id of the source file for this line. int source_id; }; // Information of a function. struct FuncInfo { // Name of the function. const char *name; // Offset from the base of the loading address. ElfW(Off) rva_to_base; // Virtual address of the function. // Load from stab symbol. ElfW(Addr) addr; // Size of the function. // It is the difference of the starting address of the function and starting // address of the next N_FUN or N_SO. uint32_t size; // Total size of stack parameters. uint32_t stack_param_size; // Is there any lines included from other files? bool has_sol; // Line information array. std::vector line_info; }; // Information of a source file. struct SourceFileInfo { // Name string index into the string table. uint32_t name_index; // Name of the source file. const char *name; // Starting address of the source file. ElfW(Addr) addr; // Id of the source file. int source_id; // Functions information. std::vector func_info; }; // Information of a symbol table. // This is the root of all types of symbol. struct SymbolInfo { std::vector source_file_info; // The next source id for newly found source file. int next_source_id; }; // Stab section name. static const char *kStabName = ".stab"; // Demangle using abi call. // Older GCC may not support it. static std::string Demangle(const char *mangled) { int status = 0; char *demangled = abi::__cxa_demangle(mangled, NULL, NULL, &status); if (status == 0 && demangled != NULL) { std::string str(demangled); free(demangled); return str; } return std::string(mangled); } // Fix offset into virtual address by adding the mapped base into offsets. // Make life easier when want to find something by offset. static void FixAddress(void *obj_base) { ElfW(Word) base = reinterpret_cast(obj_base); ElfW(Ehdr) *elf_header = static_cast(obj_base); elf_header->e_phoff += base; elf_header->e_shoff += base; ElfW(Shdr) *sections = reinterpret_cast(elf_header->e_shoff); for (int i = 0; i < elf_header->e_shnum; ++i) sections[i].sh_offset += base; } // Find the prefered loading address of the binary. static ElfW(Addr) GetLoadingAddress(const ElfW(Phdr) *program_headers, int nheader) { for (int i = 0; i < nheader; ++i) { const ElfW(Phdr) &header = program_headers[i]; // For executable, it is the PT_LOAD segment with offset to zero. if (header.p_type == PT_LOAD && header.p_offset == 0) return header.p_vaddr; } // For other types of ELF, return 0. return 0; } static bool WriteFormat(int fd, const char *fmt, ...) { va_list list; char buffer[4096]; ssize_t expected, written; va_start(list, fmt); vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fmt, list); expected = strlen(buffer); written = write(fd, buffer, strlen(buffer)); va_end(list); return expected == written; } static bool IsValidElf(const ElfW(Ehdr) *elf_header) { return memcmp(elf_header, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) == 0; } static const ElfW(Shdr) *FindSectionByName(const char *name, const ElfW(Shdr) *sections, const ElfW(Shdr) *strtab, int nsection) { assert(name != NULL); assert(sections != NULL); assert(nsection > 0); int name_len = strlen(name); if (name_len == 0) return NULL; for (int i = 0; i < nsection; ++i) { const char *section_name = (char*)(strtab->sh_offset + sections[i].sh_name); if (!strncmp(name, section_name, name_len)) return sections + i; } return NULL; } // TODO(liuli): Computer the stack parameter size. // Expect parameter variables are immediately following the N_FUN symbol. // Will need to parse the type information to get a correct size. static int LoadStackParamSize(struct nlist *list, struct nlist *list_end, struct FuncInfo *func_info) { struct nlist *cur_list = list; assert(cur_list->n_type == N_FUN); ++cur_list; int step = 1; while (cur_list < list_end && cur_list->n_type == N_PSYM) { ++cur_list; ++step; } func_info->stack_param_size = 0; return step; } static int LoadLineInfo(struct nlist *list, struct nlist *list_end, const struct SourceFileInfo &source_file_info, struct FuncInfo *func_info) { struct nlist *cur_list = list; func_info->has_sol = false; // Records which source file the following lines belongs. Default // to the file we are handling. This helps us handling inlined source. // When encountering N_SOL, we will change this to the source file // specified by N_SOL. int current_source_name_index = source_file_info.name_index; do { // Skip non line information. while (cur_list < list_end && cur_list->n_type != N_SLINE) { // Only exit when got another function, or source file. if (cur_list->n_type == N_FUN || cur_list->n_type == N_SO) return cur_list - list; // N_SOL means source lines following it will be from // another source file. if (cur_list->n_type == N_SOL) { func_info->has_sol = true; if (cur_list->n_un.n_strx > 0 && cur_list->n_un.n_strx != current_source_name_index) { // The following lines will be from this source file. current_source_name_index = cur_list->n_un.n_strx; } } ++cur_list; } struct LineInfo line; while (cur_list < list_end && cur_list->n_type == N_SLINE) { line.source_name_index = current_source_name_index; line.rva_to_func = cur_list->n_value; // n_desc is a signed short line.line_num = (unsigned short)cur_list->n_desc; // Don't set it here. // Will be processed in later pass. line.source_id = -1; func_info->line_info.push_back(line); ++cur_list; } } while (list < list_end); return cur_list - list; } static int LoadFuncSymbols(struct nlist *list, struct nlist *list_end, const ElfW(Shdr) *stabstr_section, struct SourceFileInfo *source_file_info) { struct nlist *cur_list = list; assert(cur_list->n_type == N_SO); ++cur_list; source_file_info->func_info.clear(); while (cur_list < list_end) { // Go until the function symbol. while (cur_list < list_end && cur_list->n_type != N_FUN) { if (cur_list->n_type == N_SO) { return cur_list - list; } ++cur_list; continue; } if (cur_list->n_type == N_FUN) { struct FuncInfo func_info; memset(&func_info, 0, sizeof(func_info)); func_info.name = reinterpret_cast(cur_list->n_un.n_strx + stabstr_section->sh_offset); func_info.addr = cur_list->n_value; // Stack parameter size. cur_list += LoadStackParamSize(cur_list, list_end, &func_info); // Line info. cur_list += LoadLineInfo(cur_list, list_end, *source_file_info, &func_info); // Functions in this module should have address bigger than the module // startring address. // There maybe a lot of duplicated entry for a function in the symbol, // only one of them can met this. if (func_info.addr >= source_file_info->addr) { source_file_info->func_info.push_back(func_info); } } } return cur_list - list; } // Comapre the address. // The argument should have a memeber named "addr" template static bool CompareAddress(T1 *a, T2 *b) { return a->addr < b->addr; } // Sort the array into increasing ordered array based on the virtual address. // Return vector of pointers to the elements in the incoming array. So caller // should make sure the returned vector lives longer than the incoming vector. template static std::vector SortByAddress(std::vector *array) { std::vector sorted_array_ptr; sorted_array_ptr.reserve(array->size()); for (size_t i = 0; i < array->size(); ++i) sorted_array_ptr.push_back(&(array->at(i))); std::sort(sorted_array_ptr.begin(), sorted_array_ptr.end(), std::ptr_fun(CompareAddress)); return sorted_array_ptr; } // Find the address of the next function or source file symbol in the symbol // table. The address should be bigger than the current function's address. static ElfW(Addr) NextAddress( std::vector *sorted_functions, std::vector *sorted_files, const struct FuncInfo &func_info) { std::vector::iterator next_func_iter = std::find_if(sorted_functions->begin(), sorted_functions->end(), std::bind1st( std::ptr_fun( CompareAddress ), &func_info) ); if (next_func_iter != sorted_functions->end()) return (*next_func_iter)->addr; std::vector::iterator next_file_iter = std::find_if(sorted_files->begin(), sorted_files->end(), std::bind1st( std::ptr_fun( CompareAddress ), &func_info) ); if (next_file_iter != sorted_files->end()) { return (*next_file_iter)->addr; } return 0; } static int FindFileByNameIdx(uint32_t name_index, const std::vector &files) { for (size_t i = 0; i < files.size(); ++i) { if (files[i].name_index == name_index) return files[i].source_id; } return -1; } // Add included file information. // Also fix the source id for the line info. static void AddIncludedFiles(struct SymbolInfo *symbols, const ElfW(Shdr) *stabstr_section) { size_t source_file_size = symbols->source_file_info.size(); for (size_t i = 0; i < source_file_size; ++i) { struct SourceFileInfo &source_file = symbols->source_file_info[i]; for (size_t j = 0; j < source_file.func_info.size(); ++j) { struct FuncInfo &func_info = source_file.func_info[j]; for (size_t k = 0; k < func_info.line_info.size(); ++k) { struct LineInfo &line_info = func_info.line_info[k]; assert(line_info.source_name_index > 0); assert(source_file.name_index > 0); // Check if the line belongs to the source file by comparing the // name index into string table. if (line_info.source_name_index != source_file.name_index) { // This line is not from the current source file, check if this // source file has been added before. int found_source_id = FindFileByNameIdx(line_info.source_name_index, symbols->source_file_info); if (found_source_id < 0) { // Got a new included file. // Those included files don't have address or line information. SourceFileInfo new_file; new_file.name_index = line_info.source_name_index; new_file.name = reinterpret_cast(new_file.name_index + stabstr_section->sh_offset); new_file.addr = 0; new_file.source_id = symbols->next_source_id++; line_info.source_id = new_file.source_id; symbols->source_file_info.push_back(new_file); } else { // The file has been added. line_info.source_id = found_source_id; } } else { // The line belongs to the file. line_info.source_id = source_file.source_id; } } // for each line. } // for each function. } // for each source file. } // Compute size and rva information based on symbols loaded from stab section. static bool ComputeSizeAndRVA(ElfW(Addr) loading_addr, struct SymbolInfo *symbols) { std::vector sorted_files = SortByAddress(&(symbols->source_file_info)); for (size_t i = 0; i < sorted_files.size(); ++i) { struct SourceFileInfo &source_file = *sorted_files[i]; std::vector sorted_functions = SortByAddress(&(source_file.func_info)); for (size_t j = 0; j < sorted_functions.size(); ++j) { struct FuncInfo &func_info = *sorted_functions[j]; assert(func_info.addr >= loading_addr); func_info.rva_to_base = func_info.addr - loading_addr; func_info.size = 0; ElfW(Addr) next_addr = NextAddress(&sorted_functions, &sorted_files, func_info); // I've noticed functions with an address bigger than any other functions // and source files modules, this is probably the last function in the // module, due to limitions of Linux stab symbol, it is impossible to get // the exact size of this kind of function, thus we give it a default // very big value. This should be safe since this is the last function. // But it is a ugly hack..... // The following code can reproduce the case: // template // void Foo(T value) { // } // // int main(void) { // Foo(10); // Foo(std::string("hello")); // return 0; // } // TODO(liuli): Find a better solution. static const int kDefaultSize = 0x10000000; static int no_next_addr_count = 0; if (next_addr != 0) { func_info.size = next_addr - func_info.addr; } else { if (no_next_addr_count > 1) { fprintf(stderr, "Got more than one funtion without the \ following symbol. Igore this function.\n"); fprintf(stderr, "The dumped symbol may not correct.\n"); assert(!"This should not happen!\n"); func_info.size = 0; continue; } no_next_addr_count++; func_info.size = kDefaultSize; } // Compute line size. for (size_t k = 0; k < func_info.line_info.size(); ++k) { struct LineInfo &line_info = func_info.line_info[k]; line_info.size = 0; if (k + 1 < func_info.line_info.size()) { line_info.size = func_info.line_info[k + 1].rva_to_func - line_info.rva_to_func; } else { // The last line in the function. // If we can find a function or source file symbol immediately // following the line, we can get the size of the line by computing // the difference of the next address to the starting address of this // line. // Otherwise, we need to set a default big enough value. This occurs // mostly because the this function is the last one in the module. if (next_addr != 0) { ElfW(Off) next_addr_offset = next_addr - func_info.addr; line_info.size = next_addr_offset - line_info.rva_to_func; } else { line_info.size = kDefaultSize; } } line_info.rva_to_base = line_info.rva_to_func + func_info.rva_to_base; } // for each line. } // for each function. } // for each source file. return true; } static bool LoadSymbols(const ElfW(Shdr) *stab_section, const ElfW(Shdr) *stabstr_section, ElfW(Addr) loading_addr, struct SymbolInfo *symbols) { if (stab_section == NULL || stabstr_section == NULL) return false; struct nlist *lists = reinterpret_cast(stab_section->sh_offset); int nstab = stab_section->sh_size / sizeof(struct nlist); // First pass, load all symbols from the object file. for (int i = 0; i < nstab; ) { int step = 1; struct nlist *cur_list = lists + i; if (cur_list->n_type == N_SO) { // FUNC
struct SourceFileInfo source_file_info; source_file_info.name_index = cur_list->n_un.n_strx; source_file_info.name = reinterpret_cast(cur_list->n_un.n_strx + stabstr_section->sh_offset); source_file_info.addr = cur_list->n_value; if (strchr(source_file_info.name, '.')) source_file_info.source_id = symbols->next_source_id++; else source_file_info.source_id = -1; step = LoadFuncSymbols(cur_list, lists + nstab, stabstr_section, &source_file_info); symbols->source_file_info.push_back(source_file_info); } i += step; } // Second pass, compute the size of functions and lines. if (ComputeSizeAndRVA(loading_addr, symbols)) { // Third pass, check for included source code, especially for header files. // Until now, we only have compiling unit information, but they can // have code from include files, add them here. AddIncludedFiles(symbols, stabstr_section); return true; } return false; } static bool LoadSymbols(ElfW(Ehdr) *elf_header, struct SymbolInfo *symbols) { // Translate all offsets in section headers into address. FixAddress(elf_header); ElfW(Addr) loading_addr = GetLoadingAddress( reinterpret_cast(elf_header->e_phoff), elf_header->e_phnum); const ElfW(Shdr) *sections = reinterpret_cast(elf_header->e_shoff); const ElfW(Shdr) *strtab = sections + elf_header->e_shstrndx; const ElfW(Shdr) *stab_section = FindSectionByName(kStabName, sections, strtab, elf_header->e_shnum); if (stab_section == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Stab section not found.\n"); return false; } const ElfW(Shdr) *stabstr_section = stab_section->sh_link + sections; // Load symbols. return LoadSymbols(stab_section, stabstr_section, loading_addr, symbols); } static bool WriteModuleInfo(int fd, ElfW(Half) arch, const std::string &obj_file) { const char *arch_name = NULL; if (arch == EM_386) arch_name = "x86"; else if (arch == EM_X86_64) arch_name = "x86_64"; else return false; unsigned char identifier[16]; google_breakpad::FileID file_id(obj_file.c_str()); if (file_id.ElfFileIdentifier(identifier)) { char identifier_str[40]; file_id.ConvertIdentifierToString(identifier, identifier_str, sizeof(identifier_str)); char id_no_dash[40]; int id_no_dash_len = 0; memset(id_no_dash, 0, sizeof(id_no_dash)); for (int i = 0; identifier_str[i] != '\0'; ++i) if (identifier_str[i] != '-') id_no_dash[id_no_dash_len++] = identifier_str[i]; // Add an extra "0" by the end. id_no_dash[id_no_dash_len++] = '0'; std::string filename = obj_file; size_t slash_pos = obj_file.find_last_of("/"); if (slash_pos != std::string::npos) filename = obj_file.substr(slash_pos + 1); return WriteFormat(fd, "MODULE Linux %s %s %s\n", arch_name, id_no_dash, filename.c_str()); } return false; } static bool WriteSourceFileInfo(int fd, const struct SymbolInfo &symbols) { for (size_t i = 0; i < symbols.source_file_info.size(); ++i) { if (symbols.source_file_info[i].source_id != -1) { const char *name = symbols.source_file_info[i].name; if (!WriteFormat(fd, "FILE %d %s\n", symbols.source_file_info[i].source_id, name)) return false; } } return true; } static bool WriteOneFunction(int fd, const struct FuncInfo &func_info){ // Discard the ending part of the name. std::string func_name(func_info.name); std::string::size_type last_colon = func_name.find_last_of(':'); if (last_colon != std::string::npos) func_name = func_name.substr(0, last_colon); func_name = Demangle(func_name.c_str()); if (func_info.size <= 0) return true; if (WriteFormat(fd, "FUNC %lx %lx %d %s\n", func_info.rva_to_base, func_info.size, func_info.stack_param_size, func_name.c_str())) { for (size_t i = 0; i < func_info.line_info.size(); ++i) { const struct LineInfo &line_info = func_info.line_info[i]; if (!WriteFormat(fd, "%lx %lx %d %d\n", line_info.rva_to_base, line_info.size, line_info.line_num, line_info.source_id)) return false; } return true; } return false; } static bool WriteFunctionInfo(int fd, const struct SymbolInfo &symbols) { for (size_t i = 0; i < symbols.source_file_info.size(); ++i) { const struct SourceFileInfo &file_info = symbols.source_file_info[i]; for (size_t j = 0; j < file_info.func_info.size(); ++j) { const struct FuncInfo &func_info = file_info.func_info[j]; if (!WriteOneFunction(fd, func_info)) return false; } } return true; } static bool DumpStabSymbols(int fd, const struct SymbolInfo &symbols) { return WriteSourceFileInfo(fd, symbols) && WriteFunctionInfo(fd, symbols); } // // FDWrapper // // Wrapper class to make sure opened file is closed. // class FDWrapper { public: explicit FDWrapper(int fd) : fd_(fd) { } ~FDWrapper() { if (fd_ != -1) close(fd_); } int get() { return fd_; } int release() { int fd = fd_; fd_ = -1; return fd; } private: int fd_; }; // // MmapWrapper // // Wrapper class to make sure mapped regions are unmapped. // class MmapWrapper { public: MmapWrapper(void *mapped_address, size_t mapped_size) : base_(mapped_address), size_(mapped_size) { } ~MmapWrapper() { if (base_ != NULL) { assert(size_ > 0); munmap(base_, size_); } } void release() { base_ = NULL; size_ = 0; } private: void *base_; size_t size_; }; } // namespace namespace google_breakpad { bool DumpSymbols::WriteSymbolFile(const std::string &obj_file, int sym_fd) { int obj_fd = open(obj_file.c_str(), O_RDONLY); if (obj_fd < 0) return false; FDWrapper obj_fd_wrapper(obj_fd); struct stat st; if (fstat(obj_fd, &st) != 0 && st.st_size <= 0) return false; void *obj_base = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE, obj_fd, 0); if (!obj_base) return false; MmapWrapper map_wrapper(obj_base, st.st_size); ElfW(Ehdr) *elf_header = reinterpret_cast(obj_base); if (!IsValidElf(elf_header)) return false; struct SymbolInfo symbols; symbols.next_source_id = 0; if (!LoadSymbols(elf_header, &symbols)) return false; // Write to symbol file. if (WriteModuleInfo(sym_fd, elf_header->e_machine, obj_file) && DumpStabSymbols(sym_fd, symbols)) return true; return false; } } // namespace google_breakpad