// Copyright (c) 2010 Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

// exploitability_win.cc: Windows specific exploitability engine.
//
// Provides a guess at the exploitability of the crash for the Windows
// platform given a minidump and process_state.
//
// Author: Cris Neckar

#include "processor/exploitability_win.h"

#include "google_breakpad/common/minidump_exception_win32.h"
#include "processor/logging.h"
#include "processor/scoped_ptr.h"

namespace google_breakpad {

// The cutoff that we use to judge if and address is likely an offset
// from null.
static const u_int64_t kProbableNullOffset = 4096;

// The various cutoffs for the different ratings.
static const size_t kHighCutoff        = 85;
static const size_t kMediumCutoff      = 65;
static const size_t kLowCutoff         = 45;
static const size_t kInterestingCutoff = 25;

// Predefined incremental values for conditional weighting.
static const size_t kTinyBump          = 5;
static const size_t kSmallBump         = 20;
static const size_t kMediumBump        = 50;
static const size_t kLargeBump         = 70;
static const size_t kHugeBump          = 90;

ExploitabilityWin::ExploitabilityWin(Minidump *dump,
                                     ProcessState *process_state)
    : Exploitability(dump, process_state) { }

ExploitabilityRating ExploitabilityWin::CheckPlatformExploitability() {
  MinidumpException *exception = dump_->GetException();
  if (!exception)
    return EXPLOITABILITY_ERR_PROCESSING;

  const MDRawExceptionStream *raw_exception = exception->exception();
  if (!raw_exception)
    return EXPLOITABILITY_ERR_PROCESSING;

  u_int64_t address = raw_exception->exception_record.exception_address;
  u_int32_t exception_code = raw_exception->exception_record.exception_code;
  u_int32_t exception_flags = raw_exception->exception_record.exception_flags;

  u_int32_t exploitability_weight = 0;

  switch (exception_code) {
    // This is almost certainly recursion.
    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_STACK_OVERFLOW:
      exploitability_weight += kTinyBump;
      break;

    // These exceptions tend to be benign and we can generally ignore them.
    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_INTEGER_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO:
    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_INTEGER_OVERFLOW:
    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_FLOAT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO:
    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_FLOAT_INEXACT_RESULT:
    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_FLOAT_OVERFLOW:
    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_FLOAT_UNDERFLOW:
    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_IN_PAGE_ERROR:
      exploitability_weight += kTinyBump;
      break;

    // These exceptions will typically mean that we have jumped where we
    // shouldn't.
    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION:
    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_FLOAT_INVALID_OPERATION:
    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_PRIVILEGED_INSTRUCTION:
      exploitability_weight += kLargeBump;
      break;

    // These represent bugs in exception handlers.
    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_INVALID_DISPOSITION:
    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_NONCONTINUABLE_EXCEPTION:
      exploitability_weight += kSmallBump;
      break;

    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_HEAP_CORRUPTION:
    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_STACK_BUFFER_OVERRUN:
      exploitability_weight += kHugeBump;
      break;

    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_GUARD_PAGE_VIOLATION:
      exploitability_weight += kLargeBump;
      break;

    case MD_EXCEPTION_CODE_WIN_ACCESS_VIOLATION:
      bool near_null = (address <= kProbableNullOffset);
      if (raw_exception->exception_record.number_parameters >= 1) {
        MDAccessViolationTypeWin av_type =
            static_cast<MDAccessViolationTypeWin>
            (raw_exception->exception_record.exception_information[0]);
        switch (av_type) {
          case MD_ACCESS_VIOLATION_WIN_READ:
            if (near_null)
              exploitability_weight += kSmallBump;
            else
              exploitability_weight += kMediumBump;
            break;
          case MD_ACCESS_VIOLATION_WIN_WRITE:
            if (near_null)
              exploitability_weight += kSmallBump;
            else
              exploitability_weight += kHugeBump;
            break;
          case MD_ACCESS_VIOLATION_WIN_EXEC:
            if (near_null)
              exploitability_weight += kSmallBump;
            else
              exploitability_weight += kHugeBump;
            break;
          default:
            return EXPLOITABILITY_ERR_PROCESSING;
            break;
        }
      } else {
        return EXPLOITABILITY_ERR_PROCESSING;
      }
  }

  // Based on the calculated weight we return a simplified classification.
  if (exploitability_weight > kHighCutoff)
    return EXPLOITABILITY_HIGH;
  if (exploitability_weight > kMediumCutoff)
    return EXPLOITABLITY_MEDIUM;
  if (exploitability_weight > kLowCutoff)
    return EXPLOITABILITY_LOW;
  if (exploitability_weight > kInterestingCutoff)
    return EXPLOITABILITY_INTERESTING;

  return EXPLOITABILITY_NONE;
}

}  // namespace google_breakpad