Add ELF header analysis when checking for instruction pointer in code.

If the minidump module containing the instruction pointer has memory
containing the ELF header and program header table, when checking the
exploitability rating, the processor will use the ELF header data to determine
if the instruction pointer lies in an executable region of the module, rather
than just checking if it lies in a module.

R=ivanpe@chromium.org

Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/1233973002

git-svn-id: http://google-breakpad.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@1472 4c0a9323-5329-0410-9bdc-e9ce6186880e

9 files changed, 207 insertions, 10 deletions

diff --git a/src/processor/exploitability_linux.cc b/src/processor/exploitability_linux.cc
index 1b6aabf0..c1c291ce 100644
--- a/src/processor/exploitability_linux.cc
+++ b/src/processor/exploitability_linux.cc
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
 
 #include "processor/exploitability_linux.h"
 
+#include <elf.h>
+
 #include "google_breakpad/common/minidump_exception_linux.h"
 #include "google_breakpad/processor/call_stack.h"
 #include "google_breakpad/processor/process_state.h"
@@ -109,8 +111,13 @@ ExploitabilityRating ExploitabilityLinux::CheckPlatformExploitability() {
     return EXPLOITABILITY_ERR_PROCESSING;
   }
 
+  if (this->ArchitectureType() == UNSUPPORTED_ARCHITECTURE) {
+    BPLOG(INFO) << "Unsupported architecture.";
+    return EXPLOITABILITY_ERR_PROCESSING;
+  }
   // Getting the instruction pointer.
   if (!context->GetInstructionPointer(&instruction_ptr)) {
+    BPLOG(INFO) << "Failed to retrieve instruction pointer.";
     return EXPLOITABILITY_ERR_PROCESSING;
   }
 
@@ -119,35 +126,161 @@ ExploitabilityRating ExploitabilityLinux::CheckPlatformExploitability() {
     return EXPLOITABILITY_HIGH;
   }
 
+  // There was no strong evidence suggesting exploitability, but the minidump
+  // does not appear totally benign either.
   return EXPLOITABILITY_INTERESTING;
 }
 
+LinuxArchitectureType ExploitabilityLinux::ArchitectureType() {
+  // GetContextCPU() should have already been successfully called before
+  // calling this method. Thus there should be a raw exception stream for
+  // the minidump.
+  MinidumpException *exception = dump_->GetException();
+  const DumpContext *dump_context =
+      exception ?
+      exception->GetContext() : NULL;
+  if (dump_context == NULL) {
+    BPLOG(INFO) << "No raw dump context.";
+    return UNSUPPORTED_ARCHITECTURE;
+  }
+
+  // Check the architecture type.
+  switch (dump_context->GetContextCPU()) {
+    case MD_CONTEXT_ARM:
+    case MD_CONTEXT_X86:
+      return LINUX_32_BIT;
+    case MD_CONTEXT_ARM64:
+    case MD_CONTEXT_AMD64:
+      return LINUX_64_BIT;
+    default:
+      // This should not happen. The four architectures above should be
+      // the only Linux architectures.
+      BPLOG(INFO) << "Unsupported architecture.";
+      return UNSUPPORTED_ARCHITECTURE;
+  }
+}
+
 bool ExploitabilityLinux::InstructionPointerInCode(uint64_t instruction_ptr) {
-  // Here we get memory mapping. Most minidumps will not contain a memory
-  // mapping, so we will commonly resort to checking modules.
+  // Get memory mapping. Most minidumps will not contain a memory
+  // mapping, so processing will commonly resort to checking modules.
   MinidumpMemoryInfoList *mem_info_list = dump_->GetMemoryInfoList();
   const MinidumpMemoryInfo *mem_info =
       mem_info_list ?
       mem_info_list->GetMemoryInfoForAddress(instruction_ptr) : NULL;
 
-  // Checking if the memory mapping at the instruction pointer is executable.
-  // If there is no memory mapping, we will use the modules as reference.
+  // Check if the memory mapping at the instruction pointer is executable.
+  // If there is no memory mapping, processing will use modules as reference.
   if (mem_info != NULL) {
     return mem_info->IsExecutable();
   }
 
-  // If the memory mapping retrieval fails, we will check the modules
+  // If the memory mapping retrieval fails, check the modules
   // to see if the instruction pointer is inside a module.
-  // TODO(liuandrew): Check if the instruction pointer lies in an executable
-  // region within the module.
   MinidumpModuleList *minidump_module_list = dump_->GetModuleList();
-  return !minidump_module_list ||
-          minidump_module_list->GetModuleForAddress(instruction_ptr);
+  const MinidumpModule *minidump_module =
+      minidump_module_list ?
+      minidump_module_list->GetModuleForAddress(instruction_ptr) : NULL;
+
+  // If the instruction pointer isn't in a module, return false.
+  if (minidump_module == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Get ELF header data from the instruction pointer's module.
+  const uint64_t base_address = minidump_module->base_address();
+  MinidumpMemoryList *memory_list = dump_->GetMemoryList();
+  MinidumpMemoryRegion *memory_region =
+      memory_list ?
+      memory_list->GetMemoryRegionForAddress(base_address) : NULL;
+
+  // The minidump does not have the correct memory region.
+  // This returns true because even though there is no memory data available,
+  // the evidence so far suggests that the instruction pointer is not at a
+  // bad location.
+  if (memory_region == NULL) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Examine ELF headers. Depending on the architecture, the size of the
+  // ELF headers can differ.
+  LinuxArchitectureType architecture =  this->ArchitectureType();
+  if (architecture == LINUX_32_BIT) {
+    // Check if the ELF header is within the memory region and if the
+    // instruction pointer lies within the ELF header.
+    if (memory_region->GetSize() < sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr) ||
+        instruction_ptr < base_address + sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Load 32-bit ELF header.
+    Elf32_Ehdr header;
+    this->LoadElfHeader(memory_region, base_address, &header);
+    // Check if the program header table is within the memory region, and
+    // validate that the program header entry size is correct.
+    if (header.e_phentsize != sizeof(Elf32_Phdr) ||
+        memory_region->GetSize() <
+        header.e_phoff +
+        ((uint64_t) header.e_phentsize * (uint64_t) header.e_phnum)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Load 32-bit Program Header Table.
+    scoped_array<Elf32_Phdr> program_headers(new Elf32_Phdr[header.e_phnum]);
+    this->LoadElfHeaderTable(memory_region,
+                             base_address + header.e_phoff,
+                             header.e_phnum,
+                             program_headers.get());
+    // Find correct program header that corresponds to the instruction pointer.
+    for (int i = 0; i < header.e_phnum; i++) {
+      const Elf32_Phdr& program_header = program_headers[i];
+      // Check if instruction pointer lies within this program header's region.
+      if (instruction_ptr >= program_header.p_vaddr &&
+          instruction_ptr < program_header.p_vaddr + program_header.p_memsz) {
+        // Return whether this program header region is executable.
+        return program_header.p_flags & PF_X;
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (architecture == LINUX_64_BIT) {
+    // Check if the ELF header is within the memory region and if the
+    // instruction pointer lies within the ELF header.
+    if (memory_region->GetSize() < sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr) ||
+        instruction_ptr < base_address + sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Load 64-bit ELF header.
+    Elf64_Ehdr header;
+    this->LoadElfHeader(memory_region, base_address, &header);
+    // Check if the program header table is within the memory region, and
+    // validate that the program header entry size is correct.
+    if (header.e_phentsize != sizeof(Elf64_Phdr) ||
+        memory_region->GetSize() <
+        header.e_phoff +
+        ((uint64_t) header.e_phentsize * (uint64_t) header.e_phnum)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Load 64-bit Program Header Table.
+    scoped_array<Elf64_Phdr> program_headers(new Elf64_Phdr[header.e_phnum]);
+    this->LoadElfHeaderTable(memory_region,
+                             base_address + header.e_phoff,
+                             header.e_phnum,
+                             program_headers.get());
+    // Find correct program header that corresponds to the instruction pointer.
+    for (int i = 0; i < header.e_phnum; i++) {
+      const Elf64_Phdr& program_header = program_headers[i];
+      // Check if instruction pointer lies within this program header's region.
+      if (instruction_ptr >= program_header.p_vaddr &&
+          instruction_ptr < program_header.p_vaddr + program_header.p_memsz) {
+        // Return whether this program header region is executable.
+        return program_header.p_flags & PF_X;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // The instruction pointer was not in an area identified by the ELF headers.
+  return false;
 }
 
 bool ExploitabilityLinux::BenignCrashTrigger(const MDRawExceptionStream
                                                   *raw_exception_stream) {
-  // Here we check the cause of crash.
+  // Check the cause of crash.
   // If the exception of the crash is a benign exception,
   // it is probably not exploitable.
   switch (raw_exception_stream->exception_record.exception_code) {
diff --git a/src/processor/exploitability_linux.h b/src/processor/exploitability_linux.h
index 42f9bc52..2deb4991 100644
--- a/src/processor/exploitability_linux.h
+++ b/src/processor/exploitability_linux.h
@@ -37,11 +37,23 @@
 #ifndef GOOGLE_BREAKPAD_PROCESSOR_EXPLOITABILITY_LINUX_H_
 #define GOOGLE_BREAKPAD_PROCESSOR_EXPLOITABILITY_LINUX_H_
 
+#include "common/scoped_ptr.h"
 #include "google_breakpad/common/breakpad_types.h"
 #include "google_breakpad/processor/exploitability.h"
 
 namespace google_breakpad {
 
+enum LinuxArchitectureType {
+  // A 32-bit Linux architecture.
+  LINUX_32_BIT,
+
+  // A 64-bit Linux architecture.
+  LINUX_64_BIT,
+
+  // Some other architecture that is not Linux.
+  UNSUPPORTED_ARCHITECTURE
+};
+
 class ExploitabilityLinux : public Exploitability {
  public:
   ExploitabilityLinux(Minidump *dump,
@@ -57,6 +69,46 @@ class ExploitabilityLinux : public Exploitability {
   // This method checks the exception that triggered the creation of the
   // minidump and reports whether the exception suggests no exploitability.
   bool BenignCrashTrigger(const MDRawExceptionStream *raw_exception_stream);
+
+  // Checks if the minidump architecture is 32-bit or 64-bit.
+  LinuxArchitectureType ArchitectureType();
+
+  // Loads ELF header data of the module present in the given memory
+  // region into the scoped pointer.
+  // This method takes a scoped pointer in which the ELF header data is
+  // loaded, the memory region containing the ELF header, and the base
+  // address of the ELF header.
+  template<typename T>
+  void LoadElfHeader(MinidumpMemoryRegion *memory,
+                     uint64_t base_address,
+                     T *header) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(T); i++) {
+      uint8_t my_byte = 0;
+      memory->GetMemoryAtAddress(base_address + i, &my_byte);
+      *(reinterpret_cast<char *>(header) + i) = my_byte;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Loads the Program Header Table of the module present in the given
+  // memory region into the scoped array.
+  // This method takes a scoped array in which the header table data is
+  // loaded, the memory region containing the table, the base address of
+  // the program header table, and the number of entries in the table.
+  template<typename T>
+  void LoadElfHeaderTable(MinidumpMemoryRegion *memory,
+                          uint64_t base_address,
+                          uint16_t e_phnum,
+                          T table[]) {
+    uint64_t offset = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < e_phnum; i++) {
+      T *entry = &table[i];
+      for (size_t j = 0; j < sizeof(T); j++) {
+        uint8_t my_byte = 0;
+        memory->GetMemoryAtAddress(base_address + offset++, &my_byte);
+        *(reinterpret_cast<char *>(entry) + j) = my_byte;
+      }
+    }
+  }
 };
 
 }  // namespace google_breakpad
diff --git a/src/processor/exploitability_unittest.cc b/src/processor/exploitability_unittest.cc
index cc46f9ea..abb5b3ba 100644
--- a/src/processor/exploitability_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/processor/exploitability_unittest.cc
@@ -119,6 +119,18 @@ TEST(ExploitabilityTest, TestLinuxEngine) {
             ExploitabilityFor("linux_null_dereference.dmp"));
   ASSERT_EQ(google_breakpad::EXPLOITABILITY_HIGH,
             ExploitabilityFor("linux_jmp_to_0.dmp"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(google_breakpad::EXPLOITABILITY_HIGH,
+            ExploitabilityFor("linux_inside_elf_header.dmp"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(google_breakpad::EXPLOITABILITY_HIGH,
+            ExploitabilityFor("linux_outside_module.dmp"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(google_breakpad::EXPLOITABILITY_NONE,
+            ExploitabilityFor("linux_raise_sigabrt.dmp"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(google_breakpad::EXPLOITABILITY_HIGH,
+            ExploitabilityFor("linux_in_module_outside_executable_part.dmp"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(google_breakpad::EXPLOITABILITY_INTERESTING,
+            ExploitabilityFor("linux_inside_module_exe_region1.dmp"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(google_breakpad::EXPLOITABILITY_INTERESTING,
+            ExploitabilityFor("linux_inside_module_exe_region2.dmp"));
 
 }
 }
diff --git a/src/processor/testdata/linux_in_module_outside_executable_part.dmp b/src/processor/testdata/linux_in_module_outside_executable_part.dmp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..23fcc505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/processor/testdata/linux_in_module_outside_executable_part.dmp
diff --git a/src/processor/testdata/linux_inside_elf_header.dmp b/src/processor/testdata/linux_inside_elf_header.dmp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..96b6acef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/processor/testdata/linux_inside_elf_header.dmp
diff --git a/src/processor/testdata/linux_inside_module_exe_region1.dmp b/src/processor/testdata/linux_inside_module_exe_region1.dmp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..62a74132
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/processor/testdata/linux_inside_module_exe_region1.dmp
diff --git a/src/processor/testdata/linux_inside_module_exe_region2.dmp b/src/processor/testdata/linux_inside_module_exe_region2.dmp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b8473e76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/processor/testdata/linux_inside_module_exe_region2.dmp
diff --git a/src/processor/testdata/linux_outside_module.dmp b/src/processor/testdata/linux_outside_module.dmp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..97f78bdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/processor/testdata/linux_outside_module.dmp
diff --git a/src/processor/testdata/linux_raise_sigabrt.dmp b/src/processor/testdata/linux_raise_sigabrt.dmp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b6dde50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/processor/testdata/linux_raise_sigabrt.dmp