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Diffstat (limited to 'docs/stack_walking.md')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/stack_walking.md | 80 |
1 files changed, 32 insertions, 48 deletions
diff --git a/docs/stack_walking.md b/docs/stack_walking.md index c74f22d4..94111594 100644 --- a/docs/stack_walking.md +++ b/docs/stack_walking.md @@ -8,16 +8,12 @@ traces from the information contained within a minidump file. ## Starting the Process Typically the stack walking process is initiated by instantiating the -[MinidumpProcessor] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/processor/minidump_processor.cc) -class and calling the [MinidumpProcessor::Process] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/processor/minidump_processor.cc#61) +[MinidumpProcessor](../src/processor/minidump_processor.cc) +class and calling the [MinidumpProcessor::Process](../src/processor/minidump_processor.cc#61) method, providing it a minidump file to process. To produce a useful stack trace, the MinidumpProcessor requires two other objects which are passed in its -constructor: a [SymbolSupplier] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/symbol_supplier.h) -and a [SourceLineResolverInterface] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/source_line_resolver_interface.h). +constructor: a [SymbolSupplier](../src/google_breakpad/processor/symbol_supplier.h) +and a [SourceLineResolverInterface](../src/google_breakpad/processor/source_line_resolver_interface.h). The SymbolSupplier object is responsible for locating and providing SymbolFiles that match modules from the minidump. The SourceLineResolverInterface is responsible for loading the symbol files and using the information contained @@ -26,29 +22,26 @@ information on how to unwind from a stack frame to its caller. More detail will be provided on these interactions later. A number of data streams are extracted from the minidump to begin stack walking: -the list of threads from the process ([MinidumpThreadList] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/minidump.h#335)), -the list of modules loaded in the process ([MinidumpModuleList] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/minidump.h#501)), +the list of threads from the process +([MinidumpThreadList](../src/google_breakpad/processor/minidump.h#335)), +the list of modules loaded in the process +([MinidumpModuleList](../src/google_breakpad/processor/minidump.h#501)), and information about the exception that caused the process to crash -([MinidumpException] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/minidump.h#615)). +([MinidumpException](../src/google_breakpad/processor/minidump.h#615)). ## Enumerating Threads -For each thread in the thread list ([MinidumpThread] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/minidump.h#299)), -the thread memory containing the stack for the thread ([MinidumpMemoryRegion] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/minidump.h#236)) +For each thread in the thread list +([MinidumpThread](../src/google_breakpad/processor/minidump.h#299)), +the thread memory containing the stack for the thread +([MinidumpMemoryRegion](../src/google_breakpad/processor/minidump.h#236)) and the CPU context representing the CPU state of the thread at the time the -dump was written ([MinidumpContext] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/minidump.h#171)) +dump was written ([MinidumpContext](../src/google_breakpad/processor/minidump.h#171)) are extracted from the minidump. If the thread being processed is the thread that produced the exception then a CPU context is obtained from the MinidumpException object instead, which represents the CPU state of the thread at the point of the exception. A stack walker is then instantiated by calling -the [Stackwalker::StackwalkerForCPU] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/stackwalker.h#77) +the [Stackwalker::StackwalkerForCPU](../src/google_breakpad/processor/stackwalker.h#77) method and passing it the CPU context, the thread memory, the module list, as well as the SymbolSupplier and SourceLineResolverInterface. This method selects the specific !Stackwalker subclass based on the CPU architecture of the provided @@ -57,8 +50,7 @@ CPU context and returns an instance of that subclass. ## Walking a thread's stack Once a !Stackwalker instance has been obtained, the processor calls the -[Stackwalker::Walk] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/source_line_resolver_interface.h) +[Stackwalker::Walk](../src/google_breakpad/processor/source_line_resolver_interface.h) method to obtain a list of frames representing the stack of this thread. The !Stackwalker starts by calling the GetContextFrame method which returns a StackFrame representing the top of the stack, with CPU state provided by the @@ -69,28 +61,24 @@ for each frame in turn: The address of the instruction pointer of the current frame is used to determine which module contains the current frame by calling the module list's -[GetModuleForAddress] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/code_modules.h#56) -method. +[GetModuleForAddress](../src/google_breakpad/processor/code_modules.h#56) method. ### Locating Symbols If a module is located, the SymbolSupplier is asked to locate symbols -corresponding to the module by calling its [GetCStringSymbolData] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/symbol_supplier.h#87) +corresponding to the module by calling its +[GetCStringSymbolData](../src/google_breakpad/processor/symbol_supplier.h#87) method. Typically this is implemented by using the module's debug filename (the PDB filename for Windows dumps) and debug identifier (a GUID plus one extra -digit) as a lookup key. The [SimpleSymbolSupplier] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/processor/simple_symbol_supplier.cc) +digit) as a lookup key. The [SimpleSymbolSupplier](../src/processor/simple_symbol_supplier.cc) class simply uses these as parts of a file path to locate a flat file on disk. ### Loading Symbols If a symbol file is located, the SourceLineResolverInterface is then asked to -load the symbol file by calling its [LoadModuleUsingMemoryBuffer] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/source_line_resolver_interface.h#71) -method. The [BasicSourceLineResolver] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/processor/basic_source_line_resolver.cc) +load the symbol file by calling its +[LoadModuleUsingMemoryBuffer](../src/google_breakpad/processor/source_line_resolver_interface.h#71) +method. The [BasicSourceLineResolver](../src/processor/basic_source_line_resolver.cc) implementation parses the text-format [symbol file](symbol_files.md) into in-memory data structures to make lookups by address of function names, source line information, and unwind information easy. @@ -98,8 +86,7 @@ line information, and unwind information easy. ### Getting source line information If a symbol file has been successfully loaded, the SourceLineResolverInterface's -[FillSourceLineInfo] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/source_line_resolver_interface.h#89) +[FillSourceLineInfo](../src/google_breakpad/processor/source_line_resolver_interface.h#89) method is called to provide a function name and source line information for the current frame. This is done by subtracting the base address of the module containing the current frame from the instruction pointer of the current frame @@ -119,17 +106,15 @@ nearest symbol that is less than the provided RVA. ### Finding the caller frame -To find the next frame in the stack, the !Stackwalker calls its [GetCallerFrame] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/stackwalker.h#186) +To find the next frame in the stack, the !Stackwalker calls its +[GetCallerFrame](../src/google_breakpad/processor/stackwalker.h#186) method, passing in the current frame. Each !Stackwalker subclass implements GetCallerFrame differently, but there are common patterns. Typically the first step is to query the SourceLineResolverInterface for the presence of detailed unwind information. This is done using its -[FindWindowsFrameInfo] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/source_line_resolver_interface.h#96) -and [FindCFIFrameInfo] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/source_line_resolver_interface.h#102) +[FindWindowsFrameInfo](../src/google_breakpad/processor/source_line_resolver_interface.h#96) +and [FindCFIFrameInfo](../src/google_breakpad/processor/source_line_resolver_interface.h#102) methods. These methods look for Windows unwind info extracted from a PDB file ([STACK WIN](SymbolFiles#STACK_WIN_records.md) lines from the symbol file), or DWARF CFI extracted from a binary ([STACK CFI](SymbolFiles#STACK_CFI_records.md) @@ -148,12 +133,11 @@ to produce the caller frame. If no caller frame was found by any other method most !Stackwalker implementations resort to stack scanning by looking at each word on the stack -down to a fixed depth (implemented in the [Stackwalker::ScanForReturnAddress] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/stackwalker.h#131) +down to a fixed depth (implemented in the +[Stackwalker::ScanForReturnAddress](../src/google_breakpad/processor/stackwalker.h#131) method) and using a heuristic to attempt to find a reasonable return address -(implemented in the [Stackwalker::InstructionAddressSeemsValid] -(http://code.google.com/p/google-breakpad/source/browse/trunk/src/google_breakpad/processor/stackwalker.h#111) -method). +(implemented in the +[Stackwalker::InstructionAddressSeemsValid](../src/google_breakpad/processor/stackwalker.h#111) method). If no caller frame is found or the caller frame seems invalid, stack walking stops. If a caller frame was found then these steps repeat using the new frame |