path: root/src/client/linux/minidump_writer/linux_dumper.cc

// Copyright (c) 2010, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

// linux_dumper.cc: Implement google_breakpad::LinuxDumper.
// See linux_dumper.h for details.

// This code deals with the mechanics of getting information about a crashed
// process. Since this code may run in a compromised address space, the same
// rules apply as detailed at the top of minidump_writer.h: no libc calls and
// use the alternative allocator.

#include "client/linux/minidump_writer/linux_dumper.h"

#include <assert.h>
#include <elf.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "client/linux/minidump_writer/line_reader.h"
#include "common/linux/elfutils.h"
#include "common/linux/file_id.h"
#include "common/linux/linux_libc_support.h"
#include "common/linux/memory_mapped_file.h"
#include "common/linux/safe_readlink.h"
#include "third_party/lss/linux_syscall_support.h"

#if defined(__ANDROID__)

// Android packed relocations definitions are not yet available from the
// NDK header files, so we have to provide them manually here.
#ifndef DT_LOOS
#define DT_LOOS 0x6000000d
#endif
#ifndef DT_ANDROID_REL
static const int DT_ANDROID_REL = DT_LOOS + 2;
#endif
#ifndef DT_ANDROID_RELA
static const int DT_ANDROID_RELA = DT_LOOS + 4;
#endif

#endif  // __ANDROID __

static const char kMappedFileUnsafePrefix[] = "/dev/";
static const char kDeletedSuffix[] = " (deleted)";
static const char kReservedFlags[] = " ---p";

inline static bool IsMappedFileOpenUnsafe(
    const google_breakpad::MappingInfo& mapping) {
  // It is unsafe to attempt to open a mapped file that lives under /dev,
  // because the semantics of the open may be driver-specific so we'd risk
  // hanging the crash dumper. And a file in /dev/ almost certainly has no
  // ELF file identifier anyways.
  return my_strncmp(mapping.name,
                    kMappedFileUnsafePrefix,
                    sizeof(kMappedFileUnsafePrefix) - 1) == 0;
}

namespace google_breakpad {

// All interesting auvx entry types are below AT_SYSINFO_EHDR
#define AT_MAX AT_SYSINFO_EHDR

LinuxDumper::LinuxDumper(pid_t pid)
    : pid_(pid),
      crash_address_(0),
      crash_signal_(0),
      crash_thread_(pid),
      threads_(&allocator_, 8),
      mappings_(&allocator_),
      auxv_(&allocator_, AT_MAX + 1) {
  // The passed-in size to the constructor (above) is only a hint.
  // Must call .resize() to do actual initialization of the elements.
  auxv_.resize(AT_MAX + 1);
}

LinuxDumper::~LinuxDumper() {
}

bool LinuxDumper::Init() {
  return ReadAuxv() && EnumerateThreads() && EnumerateMappings();
}

bool LinuxDumper::LateInit() {
#if defined(__ANDROID__)
  LatePostprocessMappings();
#endif
  return true;
}

bool
LinuxDumper::ElfFileIdentifierForMapping(const MappingInfo& mapping,
                                         bool member,
                                         unsigned int mapping_id,
                                         uint8_t identifier[sizeof(MDGUID)]) {
  assert(!member || mapping_id < mappings_.size());
  my_memset(identifier, 0, sizeof(MDGUID));
  if (IsMappedFileOpenUnsafe(mapping))
    return false;

  // Special-case linux-gate because it's not a real file.
  if (my_strcmp(mapping.name, kLinuxGateLibraryName) == 0) {
    void* linux_gate = NULL;
    if (pid_ == sys_getpid()) {
      linux_gate = reinterpret_cast<void*>(mapping.start_addr);
    } else {
      linux_gate = allocator_.Alloc(mapping.size);
      CopyFromProcess(linux_gate, pid_,
                      reinterpret_cast<const void*>(mapping.start_addr),
                      mapping.size);
    }
    return FileID::ElfFileIdentifierFromMappedFile(linux_gate, identifier);
  }

  char filename[NAME_MAX];
  size_t filename_len = my_strlen(mapping.name);
  if (filename_len >= NAME_MAX) {
    assert(false);
    return false;
  }
  my_memcpy(filename, mapping.name, filename_len);
  filename[filename_len] = '\0';
  bool filename_modified = HandleDeletedFileInMapping(filename);

  MemoryMappedFile mapped_file(filename, mapping.offset);
  if (!mapped_file.data() || mapped_file.size() < SELFMAG)
    return false;

  bool success =
      FileID::ElfFileIdentifierFromMappedFile(mapped_file.data(), identifier);
  if (success && member && filename_modified) {
    mappings_[mapping_id]->name[filename_len -
                                sizeof(kDeletedSuffix) + 1] = '\0';
  }

  return success;
}

namespace {
bool ElfFileSoNameFromMappedFile(
    const void* elf_base, char* soname, size_t soname_size) {
  if (!IsValidElf(elf_base)) {
    // Not ELF
    return false;
  }

  const void* segment_start;
  size_t segment_size;
  int elf_class;
  if (!FindElfSection(elf_base, ".dynamic", SHT_DYNAMIC,
                      &segment_start, &segment_size, &elf_class)) {
    // No dynamic section
    return false;
  }

  const void* dynstr_start;
  size_t dynstr_size;
  if (!FindElfSection(elf_base, ".dynstr", SHT_STRTAB,
                      &dynstr_start, &dynstr_size, &elf_class)) {
    // No dynstr section
    return false;
  }

  const ElfW(Dyn)* dynamic = static_cast<const ElfW(Dyn)*>(segment_start);
  size_t dcount = segment_size / sizeof(ElfW(Dyn));
  for (const ElfW(Dyn)* dyn = dynamic; dyn < dynamic + dcount; ++dyn) {
    if (dyn->d_tag == DT_SONAME) {
      const char* dynstr = static_cast<const char*>(dynstr_start);
      if (dyn->d_un.d_val >= dynstr_size) {
        // Beyond the end of the dynstr section
        return false;
      }
      const char* str = dynstr + dyn->d_un.d_val;
      const size_t maxsize = dynstr_size - dyn->d_un.d_val;
      my_strlcpy(soname, str, maxsize < soname_size ? maxsize : soname_size);
      return true;
    }
  }

  // Did not find SONAME
  return false;
}

// Find the shared object name (SONAME) by examining the ELF information
// for |mapping|. If the SONAME is found copy it into the passed buffer
// |soname| and return true. The size of the buffer is |soname_size|.
// The SONAME will be truncated if it is too long to fit in the buffer.
bool ElfFileSoName(
    const MappingInfo& mapping, char* soname, size_t soname_size) {
  if (IsMappedFileOpenUnsafe(mapping)) {
    // Not safe
    return false;
  }

  char filename[NAME_MAX];
  size_t filename_len = my_strlen(mapping.name);
  if (filename_len >= NAME_MAX) {
    assert(false);
    // name too long
    return false;
  }

  my_memcpy(filename, mapping.name, filename_len);
  filename[filename_len] = '\0';

  MemoryMappedFile mapped_file(filename, mapping.offset);
  if (!mapped_file.data() || mapped_file.size() < SELFMAG) {
    // mmap failed
    return false;
  }

  return ElfFileSoNameFromMappedFile(mapped_file.data(), soname, soname_size);
}

}  // namespace


// static
void LinuxDumper::GetMappingEffectiveNameAndPath(const MappingInfo& mapping,
                                                 char* file_path,
                                                 size_t file_path_size,
                                                 char* file_name,
                                                 size_t file_name_size) {
  my_strlcpy(file_path, mapping.name, file_path_size);

  // If an executable is mapped from a non-zero offset, this is likely because
  // the executable was loaded directly from inside an archive file (e.g., an
  // apk on Android). We try to find the name of the shared object (SONAME) by
  // looking in the file for ELF sections.
  bool mapped_from_archive = false;
  if (mapping.exec && mapping.offset != 0)
    mapped_from_archive = ElfFileSoName(mapping, file_name, file_name_size);

  if (mapped_from_archive) {
    // Some tools (e.g., stackwalk) extract the basename from the pathname. In
    // this case, we append the file_name to the mapped archive path as follows:
    //   file_name := libname.so
    //   file_path := /path/to/ARCHIVE.APK/libname.so
    if (my_strlen(file_path) + 1 + my_strlen(file_name) < file_path_size) {
      my_strlcat(file_path, "/", file_path_size);
      my_strlcat(file_path, file_name, file_path_size);
    }
  } else {
    // Common case:
    //   file_path := /path/to/libname.so
    //   file_name := libname.so
    const char* basename = my_strrchr(file_path, '/');
    basename = basename == NULL ? file_path : (basename + 1);
    my_strlcpy(file_name, basename, file_name_size);
  }
}

bool LinuxDumper::ReadAuxv() {
  char auxv_path[NAME_MAX];
  if (!BuildProcPath(auxv_path, pid_, "auxv")) {
    return false;
  }

  int fd = sys_open(auxv_path, O_RDONLY, 0);
  if (fd < 0) {
    return false;
  }

  elf_aux_entry one_aux_entry;
  bool res = false;
  while (sys_read(fd,
                  &one_aux_entry,
                  sizeof(elf_aux_entry)) == sizeof(elf_aux_entry) &&
         one_aux_entry.a_type != AT_NULL) {
    if (one_aux_entry.a_type <= AT_MAX) {
      auxv_[one_aux_entry.a_type] = one_aux_entry.a_un.a_val;
      res = true;
    }
  }
  sys_close(fd);
  return res;
}

bool LinuxDumper::EnumerateMappings() {
  char maps_path[NAME_MAX];
  if (!BuildProcPath(maps_path, pid_, "maps"))
    return false;

  // linux_gate_loc is the beginning of the kernel's mapping of
  // linux-gate.so in the process.  It doesn't actually show up in the
  // maps list as a filename, but it can be found using the AT_SYSINFO_EHDR
  // aux vector entry, which gives the information necessary to special
  // case its entry when creating the list of mappings.
  // See http://www.trilithium.com/johan/2005/08/linux-gate/ for more
  // information.
  const void* linux_gate_loc =
      reinterpret_cast<void *>(auxv_[AT_SYSINFO_EHDR]);
  // Although the initial executable is usually the first mapping, it's not
  // guaranteed (see http://crosbug.com/25355); therefore, try to use the
  // actual entry point to find the mapping.
  const void* entry_point_loc = reinterpret_cast<void *>(auxv_[AT_ENTRY]);

  const int fd = sys_open(maps_path, O_RDONLY, 0);
  if (fd < 0)
    return false;
  LineReader* const line_reader = new(allocator_) LineReader(fd);

  const char* line;
  unsigned line_len;
  while (line_reader->GetNextLine(&line, &line_len)) {
    uintptr_t start_addr, end_addr, offset;

    const char* i1 = my_read_hex_ptr(&start_addr, line);
    if (*i1 == '-') {
      const char* i2 = my_read_hex_ptr(&end_addr, i1 + 1);
      if (*i2 == ' ') {
        bool exec = (*(i2 + 3) == 'x');
        const char* i3 = my_read_hex_ptr(&offset, i2 + 6 /* skip ' rwxp ' */);
        if (*i3 == ' ') {
          const char* name = NULL;
          // Only copy name if the name is a valid path name, or if
          // it's the VDSO image.
          if (((name = my_strchr(line, '/')) == NULL) &&
              linux_gate_loc &&
              reinterpret_cast<void*>(start_addr) == linux_gate_loc) {
            name = kLinuxGateLibraryName;
            offset = 0;
          }
          // Merge adjacent mappings with the same name into one module,
          // assuming they're a single library mapped by the dynamic linker
          if (name && !mappings_.empty()) {
            MappingInfo* module = mappings_.back();
            if ((start_addr == module->start_addr + module->size) &&
                (my_strlen(name) == my_strlen(module->name)) &&
                (my_strncmp(name, module->name, my_strlen(name)) == 0)) {
              module->size = end_addr - module->start_addr;
              line_reader->PopLine(line_len);
              continue;
            }
          }
          // Also merge mappings that result from address ranges that the
          // linker reserved but which a loaded library did not use. These
          // appear as an anonymous private mapping with no access flags set
          // and which directly follow an executable mapping.
          if (!name && !mappings_.empty()) {
            MappingInfo* module = mappings_.back();
            if ((start_addr == module->start_addr + module->size) &&
                module->exec &&
                module->name[0] == '/' &&
                offset == 0 && my_strncmp(i2,
                                          kReservedFlags,
                                          sizeof(kReservedFlags) - 1) == 0) {
              module->size = end_addr - module->start_addr;
              line_reader->PopLine(line_len);
              continue;
            }
          }
          MappingInfo* const module = new(allocator_) MappingInfo;
          my_memset(module, 0, sizeof(MappingInfo));
          module->start_addr = start_addr;
          module->size = end_addr - start_addr;
          module->offset = offset;
          module->exec = exec;
          if (name != NULL) {
            const unsigned l = my_strlen(name);
            if (l < sizeof(module->name))
              my_memcpy(module->name, name, l);
          }
          // If this is the entry-point mapping, and it's not already the
          // first one, then we need to make it be first.  This is because
          // the minidump format assumes the first module is the one that
          // corresponds to the main executable (as codified in
          // processor/minidump.cc:MinidumpModuleList::GetMainModule()).
          if (entry_point_loc &&
              (entry_point_loc >=
                  reinterpret_cast<void*>(module->start_addr)) &&
              (entry_point_loc <
                  reinterpret_cast<void*>(module->start_addr+module->size)) &&
              !mappings_.empty()) {
            // push the module onto the front of the list.
            mappings_.resize(mappings_.size() + 1);
            for (size_t idx = mappings_.size() - 1; idx > 0; idx--)
              mappings_[idx] = mappings_[idx - 1];
            mappings_[0] = module;
          } else {
            mappings_.push_back(module);
          }
        }
      }
    }
    line_reader->PopLine(line_len);
  }

  sys_close(fd);

  return !mappings_.empty();
}

#if defined(__ANDROID__)

bool LinuxDumper::GetLoadedElfHeader(uintptr_t start_addr, ElfW(Ehdr)* ehdr) {
  CopyFromProcess(ehdr, pid_,
                  reinterpret_cast<const void*>(start_addr),
                  sizeof(*ehdr));
  return my_memcmp(&ehdr->e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) == 0;
}

void LinuxDumper::ParseLoadedElfProgramHeaders(ElfW(Ehdr)* ehdr,
                                               uintptr_t start_addr,
                                               uintptr_t* min_vaddr_ptr,
                                               uintptr_t* dyn_vaddr_ptr,
                                               size_t* dyn_count_ptr) {
  uintptr_t phdr_addr = start_addr + ehdr->e_phoff;

  const uintptr_t max_addr = UINTPTR_MAX;
  uintptr_t min_vaddr = max_addr;
  uintptr_t dyn_vaddr = 0;
  size_t dyn_count = 0;

  for (size_t i = 0; i < ehdr->e_phnum; ++i) {
    ElfW(Phdr) phdr;
    CopyFromProcess(&phdr, pid_,
                    reinterpret_cast<const void*>(phdr_addr),
                    sizeof(phdr));
    if (phdr.p_type == PT_LOAD && phdr.p_vaddr < min_vaddr) {
      min_vaddr = phdr.p_vaddr;
    }
    if (phdr.p_type == PT_DYNAMIC) {
      dyn_vaddr = phdr.p_vaddr;
      dyn_count = phdr.p_memsz / sizeof(ElfW(Dyn));
    }
    phdr_addr += sizeof(phdr);
  }

  *min_vaddr_ptr = min_vaddr;
  *dyn_vaddr_ptr = dyn_vaddr;
  *dyn_count_ptr = dyn_count;
}

bool LinuxDumper::HasAndroidPackedRelocations(uintptr_t load_bias,
                                              uintptr_t dyn_vaddr,
                                              size_t dyn_count) {
  uintptr_t dyn_addr = load_bias + dyn_vaddr;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < dyn_count; ++i) {
    ElfW(Dyn) dyn;
    CopyFromProcess(&dyn, pid_,
                    reinterpret_cast<const void*>(dyn_addr),
                    sizeof(dyn));
    if (dyn.d_tag == DT_ANDROID_REL || dyn.d_tag == DT_ANDROID_RELA) {
      return true;
    }
    dyn_addr += sizeof(dyn);
  }
  return false;
}

uintptr_t LinuxDumper::GetEffectiveLoadBias(ElfW(Ehdr)* ehdr,
                                            uintptr_t start_addr) {
  uintptr_t min_vaddr = 0;
  uintptr_t dyn_vaddr = 0;
  size_t dyn_count = 0;
  ParseLoadedElfProgramHeaders(ehdr, start_addr,
                               &min_vaddr, &dyn_vaddr, &dyn_count);
  // If |min_vaddr| is non-zero and we find Android packed relocation tags,
  // return the effective load bias.
  if (min_vaddr != 0) {
    const uintptr_t load_bias = start_addr - min_vaddr;
    if (HasAndroidPackedRelocations(load_bias, dyn_vaddr, dyn_count)) {
      return load_bias;
    }
  }
  // Either |min_vaddr| is zero, or it is non-zero but we did not find the
  // expected Android packed relocations tags.
  return start_addr;
}

void LinuxDumper::LatePostprocessMappings() {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < mappings_.size(); ++i) {
    // Only consider exec mappings that indicate a file path was mapped, and
    // where the ELF header indicates a mapped shared library.
    MappingInfo* mapping = mappings_[i];
    if (!(mapping->exec && mapping->name[0] == '/')) {
      continue;
    }
    ElfW(Ehdr) ehdr;
    if (!GetLoadedElfHeader(mapping->start_addr, &ehdr)) {
      continue;
    }
    if (ehdr.e_type == ET_DYN) {
      // Compute the effective load bias for this mapped library, and update
      // the mapping to hold that rather than |start_addr|, at the same time
      // adjusting |size| to account for the change in |start_addr|. Where
      // the library does not contain Android packed relocations,
      // GetEffectiveLoadBias() returns |start_addr| and the mapping entry
      // is not changed.
      const uintptr_t load_bias = GetEffectiveLoadBias(&ehdr,
                                                       mapping->start_addr);
      mapping->size += mapping->start_addr - load_bias;
      mapping->start_addr = load_bias;
    }
  }
}

#endif  // __ANDROID__

// Get information about the stack, given the stack pointer. We don't try to
// walk the stack since we might not have all the information needed to do
// unwind. So we just grab, up to, 32k of stack.
bool LinuxDumper::GetStackInfo(const void** stack, size_t* stack_len,
                               uintptr_t int_stack_pointer) {
  // Move the stack pointer to the bottom of the page that it's in.
  const uintptr_t page_size = getpagesize();

  uint8_t* const stack_pointer =
      reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(int_stack_pointer & ~(page_size - 1));

  // The number of bytes of stack which we try to capture.
  static const ptrdiff_t kStackToCapture = 32 * 1024;

  const MappingInfo* mapping = FindMapping(stack_pointer);
  if (!mapping)
    return false;
  const ptrdiff_t offset = stack_pointer -
      reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(mapping->start_addr);
  const ptrdiff_t distance_to_end =
      static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(mapping->size) - offset;
  *stack_len = distance_to_end > kStackToCapture ?
      kStackToCapture : distance_to_end;
  *stack = stack_pointer;
  return true;
}

// Find the mapping which the given memory address falls in.
const MappingInfo* LinuxDumper::FindMapping(const void* address) const {
  const uintptr_t addr = (uintptr_t) address;

  for (size_t i = 0; i < mappings_.size(); ++i) {
    const uintptr_t start = static_cast<uintptr_t>(mappings_[i]->start_addr);
    if (addr >= start && addr - start < mappings_[i]->size)
      return mappings_[i];
  }

  return NULL;
}

bool LinuxDumper::HandleDeletedFileInMapping(char* path) const {
  static const size_t kDeletedSuffixLen = sizeof(kDeletedSuffix) - 1;

  // Check for ' (deleted)' in |path|.
  // |path| has to be at least as long as "/x (deleted)".
  const size_t path_len = my_strlen(path);
  if (path_len < kDeletedSuffixLen + 2)
    return false;
  if (my_strncmp(path + path_len - kDeletedSuffixLen, kDeletedSuffix,
                 kDeletedSuffixLen) != 0) {
    return false;
  }

  // Check |path| against the /proc/pid/exe 'symlink'.
  char exe_link[NAME_MAX];
  char new_path[NAME_MAX];
  if (!BuildProcPath(exe_link, pid_, "exe"))
    return false;
  if (!SafeReadLink(exe_link, new_path))
    return false;
  if (my_strcmp(path, new_path) != 0)
    return false;

  // Check to see if someone actually named their executable 'foo (deleted)'.
  struct kernel_stat exe_stat;
  struct kernel_stat new_path_stat;
  if (sys_stat(exe_link, &exe_stat) == 0 &&
      sys_stat(new_path, &new_path_stat) == 0 &&
      exe_stat.st_dev == new_path_stat.st_dev &&
      exe_stat.st_ino == new_path_stat.st_ino) {
    return false;
  }

  my_memcpy(path, exe_link, NAME_MAX);
  return true;
}

}  // namespace google_breakpad